Gaslighting
Kallang Gasworks was established in 1862 to supply gas for street illumination. The establishment signified the inaugural implementation of piped gas supplies in Singapore. Gas lamps were initially employed for street illumination in 1864. The gas produced by Kallang Gasworks was mostly utilized for street illumination until 1930.
Electric illumination
The inaugural electric lamp was illuminated in Singapore in 1906. Four high-pressure mercury vapor lamps were utilized for street illumination in Singapore until their replacement with sodium vapor lamps. Sodium vapor lamps exhibited greater efficiency by consuming less electricity and providing increased brightness; but, they were costly.
Low pressure sodium lamps were implemented in Singapore in 1969. By 1974, the Public Utilities Board (PUB) intended to illuminate all main roadways with high-pressure sodium vapor lamps, anticipating a one-third reduction in electricity consumption for street lighting. By that time, over 500 sodium lamps had been placed along thoroughfares including Nicoll Highway, Maxwell Road, Orchard Boulevard Road, Stamford Road, and Connaught Drive. Five
Illumination Enhancement Initiative
In 1975, the Public Works Department (PWD) initiated a project to enhance street lighting under the Brighter Streetlighting Scheme, responding to emerging needs and technological advancements. This exercise entailed augmenting the quantity of lights or repositioning them as roadways were expanded or converted into expressways. The substitution of mercury vapor lamps with high-pressure sodium lamps persisted under this scheme.
PUB replaced tall lamp posts with shorter ones to preserve electricity. Concise posts offered the further benefit of enhanced illumination, as they were unshaded by trees.
Contemporary urban illumination system
In 1987, PUB persisted in its cost-reduction initiatives by announcing the implementation of a new street lighting system that would allow all street lights in Singapore to be activated or deactivated within one minute.
The Centralised Ripple Control Scheme is an electrical remote system that obviates the necessity for additional cabling between transmitters and receivers, which receive coded signals to activate or deactivate street lights. The deployment of this technology was projected to save PUB up to S$200,000 each year.
In 1995, Singapore Power (SP) acquired the electricity and gas businesses of PUB.
Maintenance and enhancements
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) oversees about 95,000 lighting on public roads, back lanes, and service roads. In addition to the LTA, the National Parks Board (NParks), Housing & Development Board (HDB), and Community Improvement Projects Committee (CIPC) are responsible for providing illumination for facilities and roadways under their jurisdictions.
Significant effort has been invested in enhancing the street lighting system. Certain projects emphasize the utilization of more energy-efficient lighting. In 2014, the LTA commenced the replacement of antiquated street lights with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In 2017, the LTA declared that this would be implemented for all street lamps within five years. LED lights exhibit approximately 25 percent more energy efficiency and contribute to lower maintenance expenses due to their infrequent replacement compared to sodium vapor lamps. It was scheduled for 25,000 street lights in central Singapore to be updated with LED lights by 2019, with over 95,000 street lights replaced islandwide by 2022. Enhanced street lighting will be installed along expressways and arterial routes to increase illumination.
The LTA is also designing a remote control and monitoring system for implementation by 2022. This technique enables street lights to be more adaptive to meteorological circumstances, including intense rainfall. The automatic problem identification and alert functionalities are anticipated to facilitate more effective maintenance of street lights.
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