A: Characteristics of LED
1. Voltage: LED uses a low-voltage power supply, the supply voltage is between 6-24V, which varies according to the product, so it is a safer power supply than using a high-voltage power supply, especially suitable for public places.
2. Efficiency: Energy consumption is 80% less than that of incandescent lamps with the same light efficiency
3. Applicability: Very small, each unit LED chip is 3-5mm square, so it can be made into devices of various shapes and is suitable for changeable environments
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is 50% of the initial
5. Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is milliseconds, and the response time of LED lamp is nanoseconds
6. Environmental pollution: No harmful metal mercury
B: Brightness
Candlelight = 1 lumen/root
Incandescent lamp = 11-15 lumens/W
Energy-saving lamp = 40-60 lumens/W
LED lamp = 80-120 lumens/W
1W LED = 3W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 15W incandescent lamp
3W LED = 8W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 25W incandescent lamp
4W LED = 11W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 40W incandescent lamp
8W LED = 15W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 75W incandescent lamp
12W LED = 20W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 100W incandescent lamp
15WLED = 25W CFL (energy-saving lamp) = 125W incandescent lamp
After reading these comparisons, you should know the difference in power, and from this you can also deduce the difference in their power consumption. In addition, LED has a long life and is more environmentally friendly.
Comparison between LED lamps and energy-saving lamps, the luminous principle of energy-saving lamps and their advantages and disadvantages
Energy-saving lamps are an improvement over incandescent lamps
As we all know, incandescent lamps are an important invention of Edison. This important invention has made mankind bid farewell to darkness and ushered in light. However, incandescent lamps consume too much electricity. Only less than one-tenth of its energy is converted into light energy, and the rest is heat energy wasted in vain. So people are trying to use new light sources to replace incandescent lamps. Energy-saving lamps came into being. Because it is relatively cheap and easy to make, it has been widely used and has a trend of gradually replacing incandescent lamps.
The luminous principle of energy-saving lamps
The two poles of energy-saving lamps are ordinary tungsten filaments. When the tungsten filament is energized and heated, it can emit electrons. When a relatively high voltage is applied to both sides of the lamp tube to form an electric field, these electrons will be accelerated in the lamp tube to form an electron flow with a certain speed and energy. The lamp tube is evacuated into a vacuum and filled with mercury, which we call mercury.
When the lamp is powered on and heated, the mercury evaporates from liquid to gas, forming free mercury atoms. The electrons in the electron flow hit the mercury atoms at a certain speed, causing the mercury atoms to be excited and become excited ions. This is called a step transition. The excited mercury spontaneously falls back to its original state after a short time, and releases ultraviolet light at the same time. Ultraviolet light cannot be used for lighting. So we applied some fluorescent substances on the inner wall of the lamp. Under the bombardment of ultraviolet light, the fluorescent substances can emit more natural light after being excited, which can be used for our lighting.
The more common energy-saving lamps on the market are ordinary lamps and the increasingly mainstream three-primary color lamps. Compared with incandescent bulbs, they have the advantage of saving electricity. The difference is that the color rendering of ordinary lamps is low, while the three-primary color lamps present a natural sunlight color, and are better than ordinary lamps in color rendering and light efficiency. From the above, we can know that mercury plays an intermediary role in energy-saving lamps. Without mercury, energy-saving lamps will not emit light. There is very little mercury in each lamp.
According to investigation: a 36mm thick diameter fluorescent lamp contains 25-45 mg of mercury, a 26mm thin diameter fluorescent lamp contains 20 mg of mercury, and a 10mm compact fluorescent lamp contains 10 mg of mercury. Mercury is liquid at room temperature and is a silvery-white liquid metal that is easy to flow. Mercury exists as a gas discharge medium in fluorescent lamps, which not only improves the light efficiency of the lamp, but also enriches the types of light sources. Therefore, current energy-saving lamp sources all contain mercury. Since mercury has a very low boiling point and can evaporate at room temperature, after the discarded fluorescent lamp is broken, it will immediately emit mercury vapor to the surroundings, which can instantly make the mercury concentration in the surrounding air reach 10-20 mg per cubic meter. The maximum allowable concentration of mercury in the air stipulated by the state is 0.01 mg per cubic meter. It can also flow with the air. Once the mercury entering the human body exceeds a certain threshold, it will damage the human central nervous system and cause great harm to the body. Mercury is difficult to be eliminated after entering the human body. The workers in my factory have not been exposed to mercury for more than ten years, but now the mercury content in their bodies is still very high, and they are still taking mercury removal injections at any time. So I have an instinctive fear of energy-saving lamps. In fact, mercury-containing lighting lamps generally do not cause any pollution during use. The pollution is mainly caused by the random discarding of electric light sources after scrapping, and the rupture causes mercury to spread into the air, endangering human health and polluting the environment. Due to the difficulty of recycling and the low recycling value, coupled with its many other drawbacks, the only way is to eliminate it.
What are the disadvantages of energy-saving lamps?
1. There is mercury pollution during the production process and after use and disposal. Western countries currently attach great importance to mercury pollution. Chinese people are also increasingly aware of the harmfulness of mercury pollution.
2. Because it is a glass product, it is easy to break, difficult to transport, and difficult to install.
3. Its power consumption is still a bit too high.
4. It is easy to damage and has a short lifespan. The phrase "saving energy but not saving money" is the best description of it.
What are the advantages of LED lamps?
1. Energy saving. The energy consumption of white light LED is only 1/10 of that of incandescent lamps and 1/4 of that of energy-saving lamps.
2. Long life. The lifespan can reach more than 100,000 hours, which can be said to be "once and for all" for ordinary household lighting.
3. It can work at high speed. If the filament of energy-saving lamps is frequently started or turned off, it will turn black and break quickly.
4. Solid-state packaging, belonging to the type of cold light source. Therefore, it is very convenient to transport and install, can be installed in any miniature and closed equipment, is not afraid of vibration, and basically does not need to consider heat dissipation.
5. LED technology is improving with each passing day. Its luminous efficiency is making amazing breakthroughs and its price is constantly decreasing. An era of white light LED entering the home is coming quickly.
6. Environmental protection, no harmful substances such as mercury. The assembly parts of LED lamps can be easily disassembled and assembled, and can be recycled by others without the manufacturer's recycling.
Summary: It is obvious that as long as the cost of LED lamps continues to improve with the continuous improvement of LED technology. Energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps will inevitably be replaced by LED lamps. At present, the country is paying more and more attention to lighting energy saving and environmental protection issues, and has been vigorously promoting the use of LED lamps. In particular, the government's street lamp renovation project first uses LED street lamps. Some time ago, a primary school in Jiangsu only needed three street lamps, and the school specified that LED street lamps must be used. It can be seen that LED lamps are replacing energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps.
The difference between LED lamps and ordinary lighting lamps, why LED lamps are more energy-saving
LED lamps are semiconductor lighting lamps, and ordinary lamps mainly refer to incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, energy-saving lamps, etc. What is the difference between LED lamps and ordinary lamps as future lighting sources? Why are LED lamps more energy-saving?
The difference between LED lamps and ordinary lamps (incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, energy-saving lamps) is mainly from the principle of light emission. Ordinary lighting bulbs such as incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, energy-saving lamps, etc. convert electrical energy into heat energy and then stimulate it into light energy. This process wastes most of the energy. LED lamps directly convert electrical energy into light energy, which saves most of the energy. This is also the fundamental reason why LED lamps are more energy-efficient.
In addition, the difference between LED lamps and ordinary lamps and the energy-saving situation can also be distinguished from the effect:
1. Luminous flux (lumen). The luminous flux of halogen lamps is generally 20LM/W, energy-saving lamps are generally 50-60LM/w, and LED lamps are generally 80-120LM/W, that is, the total amount of light generated by each W light source is very different, so the energy-saving effect can be reflected.
2. Luminous efficiency (luminous efficiency). The luminous efficiency of halogen lamps is generally about 30%, that of energy-saving lamps is generally about 60%, and the luminous efficiency of LED lamps can reach 90%, which is also a major factor in reflecting energy saving.
From the above differences, it can be seen that the luminous flux of LED is more than one time that of energy-saving lamps, and about five times that of incandescent lamps. That is to say, a 50W LED lamp is equivalent to a 110W energy-saving lamp and a 250W halogen lamp. LED lamps are more energy-efficient than ordinary lamps. LED lamps will surely become LED lighting bulbs that replace ordinary lighting lamps.
