Light droplets
Light that remains localised at an aperture and does not disperse
Light can traverse even small apertures. What occurs if you progressively reduce the size of that hole? Light cannot penetrate apertures smaller than a certain dimension. The specific size is dictated by the wavelength (colour) of the light. Examine the vicinity of the hole at this juncture. The light seems to be emanating subtly from the aperture. However, the light remains stationary. We now possess light that remains stationary. This light resembles a droplet of water suspended from a tap. This type of illumination is referred to as evanescent light. The utilisation of evanescent light enables the observation of things too diminutive for conventional light and facilitates the recording of substantial quantities of footage on a DVD or Blu-ray Disc.
Transitory illumination
Hue of illumination
Colour variations based on dimensions and form
Are you aware of the process by which the red hue in stained glass is produced? The response is gold. Nonetheless, the hue produced by gold should resemble that of a gold nugget.
So then why does the stained glass seem red? Actually, the gold is incorporated into the stained glass as microscopic particles. Their size is around one billionth of a meter. This demonstrates that different colours may be produced by altering the size and form of the material accordingly. Colour is determined by the interaction between light and matter. Light interacts differentially with the same substance based on its size and form.
What is th true colour?
Unusual hues that vary with the angle of observation
The hue of a substance is determined by pigment. In a structure known as a photonic crystal, the colour is dictated by the dimensions and morphology of the item. This hue is referred to as structural colour. Thee artificial opal and artificial jewel beetle shown in the photo are made from photonic crystal having a periodic structure with a light wavelength (color) of less than one millionth of a meter. The photonic crystal is a material that alters colour, restricts photons and atoms, and produces a doughnut-shaped laser beam, suggesting extensive uses in diverse optical systems.
Metamaterial (Invisibility Cloak)
Manipulating light might render you a "invisible man."?
Metamaterial is a substance, akin to a photonic crystal, characterised by a structure that permits the precise manipulation of light. Metamaterial is a manufactured substance, not occurring in nature, composed of minuscule structures like metals, and capable of altering the reflection and refraction of light in ways that surpass conventional understanding. The application of metamaterials might facilitate the creation of an invisibility cloak comparable to those frequently shown in films and cartoons. Enveloping an item in metamaterial renders it invisible by bending light rays originating from behind, so obscuring the wrapped object from view.
Optical manipulators
Seizing an item with illumination
In a science fiction film, you may have observed a laser beam seizing and extracting an object. In the realm of optics, a method known as "optical tweezers" is employed. A laser beam is concentrated and used on a little item in microscopes. A little pressure and a gradient force operate to seize the item when the two forces are equilibrated. Optical tweezers manipulate the movement of objects without physical contact and are employed in several fields, including biology, medicine, and chemistry.
Seizing an item with illumination
Optical manipulators
Distorted illumination
Objects rotating within a luminous vortex
Waves in conventional light propagate similarly to ocean waves and are referred to as plane waves. Conversely, a Laguerre-Gaussian beam is a kind of light that manifests in a twisted spiral configuration. Illuminating a wall with this light creates a toroidal shape like a doughnut. The energy flow is helical, enabling the rotation of tiny objects when illuminated by this light. The technique that manipulates the rotation of objects without physical contact is termed an optical torque wrench.
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